An Overview of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

There are approximately 20 percent of all pregnancies that end in loss or miscarriage. Miscarriage is medically defined as the loss of a pregnancy before twenty weeks gestation. Within the first 12 weeks of gestation is when most miscarriages occur.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 2-3 or more miscarriages occurring in the past. There are a number of factors that may be causing the miscarriages. Underlying causes such as a genetic defect, uterine fibroids or other problems may result in recurrent miscarriage. Hormonal imbalances such as elevated levels of prolactin in non-nursing women or thyroid hormone shifts may result in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Diagnostic Tests for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

A complete medical history, pelvic exam and one or more diagnostic test may be required to determine the possible causes of recurring pregnancy loss.

Some of the most common diagnostic tests include:

Antibodies test to determine immune system response

Blood hormone level tests

Endometrial biopsy

Glucose screening

Vaginal ultrasound

A vaginal ultrasound is among the most common test recommended if female issues are suspected. The vaginal scan detects abnormalities within the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries, which may result in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Blood hormone level tests reveal certain hormone levels in the blood to assess if there is an imbalance that is triggering the miscarriage. Elevated levels of prolactin, thyroid and progesterone may impact recurrent miscarriage.

Risk Factors Associated with Recurrent Miscarriages

As a woman ages, there is an increased possibility of miscarriage. This is especially true in women over the age of 35. Increased risk of recurrent miscarriages can be caused by smoking, excessive amounts of caffeine and alcohol. Some medications may increase the risk of pregnancy loss.

A fertility specialist can help identify risk factors that may be affecting viable pregnancy and assist you in eliminating the contributing problems.

Available Treatments Based on Findings

Treatments are available based on the findings from diagnostic testing. Fibroids and problems with the uterine shape may be corrected with surgery. When hormone imbalances are the cause, medication may be administered.

There are times when no cause for the miscarriage is identified. Even when the cause remains unknown, a fertility specialist can help increase the chance of you getting pregnant by offering strategies, treatment and help. There is still a high likelihood that a woman will become pregnant and deliver a healthy child even when three miscarriages have occurred. In fact, nearly 60% of women who have had three miscarriages deliver a healthy baby.

Couples who are fertile but have experienced recurrent miscarriages should be evaluated for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities. Either partner may be a carrier for a genetic disorder causing the recurrent pregnancy loss.